Commentary - (2023) Volume 9, Issue 1
Oxidative Phosphorylation is the Means by which a Cell Stores and Deliveries Synthetic Energy
Michael Maybin*Received: 31-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. jbcc-23-91995; Editor assigned: 02-Feb-2023, Pre QC No. jbcc-23-91995 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Feb-2023, QC No. jbcc-23-91995; Revised: 21-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. jbcc-23-91995 (R); Published: 28-Feb-2023, DOI: 10.33980/jbcc.2023.v09i01.0005
Description
Phosphorylation is necessary for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's "highenergy" exchange medium, in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration processes. In a process known as oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced in the mitochondria by adding a third phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) during aerobic respiration. During glycolysis, substrate-level phosphorylation also produces ATP. Photophosphorylation in the chloroplasts of plant cells results in the production of ATP at the expense of solar energy. Glucose and different sugars are frequently phosphorylated as the initial step of their catabolism. For instance, the transformation of D-glucose into D-glucose-6-phosphate is the first step in the glycolysis process. A small molecule that easily penetrates cells is glucose. Phosphorylation results in the formation of a larger, more difficult-to-enter tissue molecule. Therefore, controlling the level of glucose in the blood necessitates phosphorylation. In turn, glycogen production is directly linked to glucose concentration. Additionally, cardiac expansion is linked to glucose phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the means by which a cell stores and deliveries synthetic energy. The reactions occur within the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell. The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis reactions constitute oxidative phosphorylation. In short, in chemiosmosis, the redox reaction releases energy that is used to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by passing electrons from proteins and other molecules along the electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Antibodies, electrophoresis, or mass spectrometry can be used to determine if a molecule has been phosphorylated. However, it is challenging to identify and characterize a phosphorylation site. In addition to immunoassays, fluorescence, and electrophoresis, isotope labelling is frequently utilized a biochemical procedure in which an organic compound is given phosphate. Adding phosphate to glucose to make glucose monophosphate and phosphate to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are two examples. Known as phosphotransferases or kinases, enzymes are responsible for phosphorylation. NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the electron transport chain during this procedure. As they move up the chain, electrons release energy as they transition from higher to lower energy. Pumping hydrogen ions (H+) to form an electrochemical gradient consumes some of this energy. Electrons are transferred to oxygen at the end of the chain, where they bond with H+ to form water. The energy that ATP synthase needs to produce ATP comes from H+ ions. Cleaving the phosphate group releases energy into a form that the cell can use when ATP is dephosphorylated. The process by which a cell stores and releases chemical energy is oxidative phosphorylation. The reactions occur within the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell. The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis reactions constitute oxidative phosphorylation. In short, in chemiosmosis, the redox reaction releases energy that is used to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by passing electrons from proteins and other molecules along the electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Conclusion
Histone phosphorylation is a significant example of protein phosphorylation. Chromatin is made up of DNA and histone proteins in eukaryotes. Chromatin structure and protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions are altered by phosphorylation of a particular histone. Phosphorylation usually takes place when DNA is damaged, allowing repair mechanisms to work in the area around the damaged DNA.
Acknowledgement
None.
Conflict of Interests
The author has nothing to disclose and also state no conflict of interest in the submission of this manuscript.
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